Employment Law
The U.S. has enacted many federal and state laws to protect workers’ rights in the workplace. These laws cover a range of topics. Examples include prohibiting employment discrimination and setting a minimum wage.
Navigating the various state and federal employment laws can be overwhelming. You should talk to an employment law attorney in your state if you need help with an employment issue. They can help you understand if your employer has violated your employee rights and what you can do about it.
Workplace Discrimination
Workplace discrimination can create a hostile work environment. The federal government has passed several anti-discrimination laws. These laws prohibit your employer from discriminating against you based on certain characteristics. These laws also apply to job applicants. Following are some of the significant laws:
- Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 makes it illegal for your boss to discriminate against you based on your race or color, religion, sex, national origin, and sexual orientation.
- The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) makes discrimination based on disability illegal. Your boss must provide you with a reasonable accommodation if you request one.
- The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) prohibits age discrimination against people aged 40 or older.
- The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) makes discrimination based on genetic information illegal.
- The Equal Pay Act requires your boss to pay men and women equally for equal work.
The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) enforces these federal laws. State laws often supplement federal workplace discrimination laws. These laws often fill in where federal legislation falls short.
Wage and Hour Disputes
The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) sets the federal minimum wage. It also regulates work hours and child labor. Under the FLSA, you’re either a nonexempt or an exempt employee. If you’re exempt, your employer likely pays you a salary and doesn’t have to pay you overtime. If you’re nonexempt, you’re likely paid hourly. In that case, your boss must pay you at least the minimum wage. You’re also entitled to overtime pay.
The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) allows you to take an extended leave of absence. The leave must be for one of the following covered reasons:
- A serious health problem for you or your parent, spouse, or child
- The adoption of a child or foster child
- The birth of a child
- Certain needs associated with an active-duty military spouse, child, or parent
FMLA leave is unpaid. You must also qualify. Qualification is based on the number of hours you have worked and other factors. If you take FMLA leave, your employer must give you the same or similar job when you return.
Workplace Safety
The Occupational Safety and Health Act sets workplace health and safety standards. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) administers the law. Your employer must comply with OSHA’s standards. Your employer also has a general duty to provide a safe work environment.
Labor
The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) protects the right of employees to form a union. It also protects your right to collective bargaining. The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) administers the NLRA. State labor laws may give you more protections beyond the NLRA.
Employee Benefits
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) sets requirements for employee benefits. Employee benefits include retirement and health programs. These requirements protect you if you participate in these plans.
ERISA does the following:
- Requires plans to give participants certain information about plan features
- Sets minimum standards for participation, vesting, and benefit accrual
- Sets requirements for the people who control plan assets
- Requires plans to have a grievance and appeals process for participants
Workers’ Compensation
The Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs (OWCP) oversees workers’ compensation programs. These programs help you and your family if you get hurt at work. These benefits include the following:
- Wage replacement benefits
- Medical treatment
- Vocational rehabilitation
Whistleblower Protections
Most federal statutes include whistleblower protection. That means your employer can’t retaliate against you for reporting a violation of labor and employment laws. For example, you’re protected against wrongful termination if you report unsafe working conditions.
Contact an Employment Lawyer for Help
Many state and federal laws govern the employment relationship. Your employer must comply with these laws. You should contact an employment lawyer if you’re dealing with employment law issues. They can explain your legal rights and help you file a complaint against your employer.
Additional Employment Law Articles
- NDAs and Employment Law
- ‘At Will’ Employment and Termination
- Illegal Job Interview Questions
- Legal Requirements for Lunch and Break Times
- Your Employee Rights When Your Job Ends
- Employee Benefits Required by Law
- Does The Law Guarantee Paid Time Off?
- Laid Off? Things to Take Care of Immediately
- Using Your Computer at Work: Employee Rights
- My Privacy Rights: What Do I Have To Tell My Employer?
- Your Legal Rights to Collect Unpaid Sales Commissions
- The Employee Polygraph Protection Act Of 1988 (EPPA)
- Can My Employer Force Me To Take a Drug Test?
- Role of Electronic Data in Employment Lawsuits
- Watch Your Language at Work To Avoid Sexual Harassment
- What if the EEOC Determines an Employer Violated the Law?
- How Can A Criminal Record Affect Your Job Application?
- Can I Sue My Employer for Invading My Privacy?
- How Do Courts Decide Between an Independent Contractor and An Employee?
- Is Your Workplace Toxic?
- Negotiating Your Needs as a Remote Worker
- The Labor Management Relations Act (LMRA)
- The Unemployment Process and Timeline
- Severance Agreements and Severance Packages
- Wage Garnishment
- Layoffs
- Workplace Bullying and Harassment
- Handling Workplace Conflicts Effectively
- Exempt vs. Non-Exempt Employee Classification
- Employee Rights in Background Checks and Credit Reports
- Social Media Use at Work
- Sexual Harassment in the Workplace
- Employee Rights Under COBRA
- Understanding the WARN Act for Layoffs
- Rights and Protections Under the Equal Pay Act
- Health Insurance and Employee Rights
- Dealing With Workplace Retaliation
- OSHA Whistleblower Protection: Reporting Safety Violations Without Fear of Retaliation
- OSHA Required Training for Workplace Safety
- Refusing Unsafe Work: Your Rights and Responsibilities Under OSHA
- Emergency Preparedness at Work: OSHA Guidelines During an Accident
- Understanding OSHA Standards for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- Accessing OSHA Records: What Employees Need To Know
- Injured on the Job: OSHA Procedures After an Accident
- OSHA Protections for Temporary and Seasonal Workers
- Handling a Hostile Work Environment
State Employment Law Articles
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- District of Columbia
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming