A Guide To Understanding Ballot Measures and Propositions

Ballot measures and propositions are proposals presented to registered voters on election day. They allow you to participate in the legislative process and directly decide on issues. This article provides an overview of ballot measures and propositions. 

Ballot measures and propositions can be confusing whether you are a first-time voter or a seasoned participant. If you have questions about these and other voting-related matters, contact a local and experienced civil rights lawyer. 

What Are Ballot Measures and Propositions?

Ballot measures and propositions are proposals you vote for and decide on during an election. They can be used to enact new laws, repeal existing laws, amend the state constitution, or approve funding for specific projects. Types of ballot measures include: 

Ballot Initiatives

These are proposed laws or amendments to the state constitution initiated by citizens. The initiative process allows citizens to propose new laws or amendments to the state constitution.  Proponents of the initiative then draft the proposed law or amendment.

Every state has different procedures for what comes next. However, to qualify for inclusion on the ballot, proponents must gather the required number of signatures from registered voters. The number of signatures needed varies depending on whether your measure is a statutory change or a constitutional amendment. Election officials verify the signatures. If the measure qualifies, it is placed on the election ballot for voter consideration.

Referendums

A referendum allows voters to approve or repeal laws passed by the legislature. Citizens dissatisfied with a law passed by the state legislature can file a petition to repeal it. They must gather a sufficient number of signatures within a specified time frame. Once signatures are verified, the referendum is placed on the election ballot. Voters then decide whether to uphold or repeal the law.

Local Ballot Measures

These measures affect local governments, such as counties, cities, and school districts. They can involve ordinances, property tax rates, and funding for local projects.

The secretary of state oversees the election process, including local ballot measures. They ensure that measures are placed on the ballot correctly and that election results are certified. The attorney general provides the official title and summary for ballot measures, ensuring voters understand the proposals. They also prepare the ballot label and analysis in the voter information guide.

Bond Measures

Bond measures are a type of local ballot measure. They are proposals to borrow money for public projects, such as building schools or improving infrastructure. Bond measures require voter approval to pass.

Voting on Ballot Measures 

Registered voters should receive a voter information guide before an election. This guide includes details about each ballot measure, arguments for and against it, and its potential fiscal impact. 

On election day, voters cast their ballots. For each measure, voters indicate “yes” to approve or “no” to reject. 

Ballot measures can appear in special elections, primary elections, and general elections. Special elections address specific issues, while general elections occur at regular intervals. 

Examples of Ballot Measures 

Statewide ballot measures have state-wide implications. California is known for its frequent use of ballot measures.

Proposition 13 (1978) capped property tax rates and required a two-thirds majority in the legislature for future tax increases. It significantly impacted public schools and local governments. Proposition 8 (2008) sought to amend the California constitution to define marriage as between a man and a woman. It was a highly contentious issue with significant legal and social implications. 

Importance of Voter Participation 

Understanding ballot measures is crucial for making informed decisions. Voter information guides, provided by the elections office, offer essential details about each measure. 

Voting on ballot measures is a way to directly participate in your government. It allows you to influence state law, public policy, and local ordinances. However, ballot measures can be complex and require careful consideration of their potential impacts.

You should read the voter information guide and seek additional information if needed.  Measures such as changes in tax rates, funding for public projects, and amendments to the state constitution can significantly affect communities.

You should also be aware of local campaigns for and against ballot measures. Be sure to consider the arguments and funding sources behind these campaigns. 

You should check your registration status regularly and update your information if you move. Participate in every election, as every vote counts. Discuss ballot measures with peers, community members, and educators. This helps to broaden your understanding and consider different perspectives. 

Remember, your vote matters, and by engaging in the electoral process, you contribute to the democratic principles that uphold our society. If you have any questions or concerns about ballot measures – including questions about initiating one – contact a local and experienced civil rights lawyer.