A court of law is the recognized judicial authority that can resolve a dispute between parties to a lawsuit. Whenever a lawsuit is filed there can be issues related to what court of law is entitled to hear the case. A federal court can hear only cases relating to federal law disputes or where the parties are from different states. A state court can hear nearly all kinds of issues as long as the parties are residents or do business in that state. An appellate court can only hear cases that have already been tried by another court of law, except in very limited circumstances usually defined by statutes. A court of law established for certain special topics such as patent law can only hear cases based on that subject matter. Lawyers often spend a lot of time arguing about whether a particular court of law is entitled to hear a particular case. Sometimes, the case will be moved to a different court of law by the parties.

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